What apparatus is used to oxygenate and pump blood during open heart surgery?

The heart-lung machine is specifically designed to take over the functions of the heart and lungs during open heart surgery. This apparatus oxygenates the blood and pumps it throughout the body, allowing surgeons to operate on a still heart while maintaining adequate blood flow and oxygenation to vital organs. It is crucial for procedures where the heart needs to be temporarily stopped, providing a controlled environment essential for surgery.

The other apparatus mentioned have different roles; for example, a defibrillator is used to restore a normal heartbeat during cardiac emergencies, while a pacing device helps regulate heart rhythm. An ECG monitor is used to visualize the heart's electrical activity, but none of these devices serve the same function as the heart-lung machine in maintaining circulation and oxygenation during surgical procedures.