What artery condition is characterized by the hardening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls?

The condition characterized by the hardening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls is atherosclerosis. This process involves the buildup of plaque, which is composed of fats, cholesterol, and other substances, on the inner walls of arteries. As this plaque accumulates, it leads to the thickening and stiffening of the artery walls, resulting in decreased elasticity. This reduced flexibility can hinder proper blood flow, contribute to hypertension, and increase the risk of cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks or strokes.

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease that starts with the damage to the endothelium (the thin layer of cells lining the blood vessels), often due to factors like high cholesterol, smoking, and hypertension. Over time, the arterial walls become more rigid, affecting their ability to expand and contract effectively in response to changes in blood flow and pressure.

Understanding atherosclerosis is crucial because it is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular disease, and recognizing it can lead to better management and prevention strategies to avoid severe complications.