What can increase the risk of a heart attack significantly?

Coronary artery disease (CAD) significantly increases the risk of a heart attack because it involves the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle. As plaque accumulates, it narrows these arteries and reduces blood flow, potentially leading to ischemia (insufficient blood supply to the heart). Furthermore, if a plaque ruptures, it can form a clot that completely obstructs blood flow, resulting in a heart attack.

Other factors, such as increased physical activity, low sodium intake, and proper hydration, are typically associated with heart health promotion and may even reduce the risk of heart disease when practiced appropriately. Increased physical activity, for example, can strengthen the heart muscle, improve circulation, and help manage weight, all of which are protective against heart disease. Low sodium intake can help manage blood pressure, and proper hydration is crucial for overall body function, including cardiovascular health. However, in the presence of existing coronary artery disease, these lifestyle factors alone cannot counteract the heightened risk of a heart attack that CAD imposes.