What cardiovascular condition is characterized by a significant obstruction in blood flow due to plaque build-up?

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is characterized by the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle. This plaque formation leads to a significant obstruction of blood flow, which can result in reduced oxygen and nutrient delivery to the heart. Over time, this can cause chest pain (angina) and may ultimately lead to myocardial infarction, or heart attack, when blood flow becomes severely compromised.

The condition often develops due to a combination of factors including high cholesterol, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, and other lifestyle and genetic factors. By recognizing coronary artery disease as the condition associated with plaque buildup, it becomes clear why it is a primary focus in cardiovascular health, as managing this disease can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce the risk of severe events like heart attacks.