What does stenosis refer to in medical terms?

Stenosis refers specifically to the narrowing of a blood vessel or a valve within the body. This condition can lead to various health complications, as the restricted passage may reduce blood flow to certain areas, thereby causing inadequate oxygen supply to tissues and organs.

Understanding stenosis is crucial in the context of cardiovascular health, as it can significantly impact heart function and overall circulation. For instance, in cases of aortic stenosis, where the aortic valve narrows, the heart must work harder to pump blood through the constricted opening, which can lead to symptoms such as chest pain, fatigue, and fainting.

The other terms describe different conditions or phenomena. Enlargement of an artery refers to dilation rather than narrowing. Thickening of heart muscle is known as hypertrophy and is related to increased workload on the heart rather than a constriction. Increased heart rate describes the rate at which the heart beats, highlighting a physiological response rather than a structural issue. Understanding these distinctions is fundamental when studying cardiovascular health and related medical conditions.