What is primarily measured by a sphygmomanometer?

A sphygmomanometer is a medical instrument specifically designed to measure blood pressure, which is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. This device typically consists of an inflatable cuff, a pressure gauge, and a bulb for inflation. When the cuff is inflated, it temporarily stops blood flow in the artery, and as the cuff pressure is gradually released, the healthcare provider listens for the sounds of blood pumping through the artery to determine both systolic and diastolic pressure readings. Monitoring blood pressure is a fundamental aspect of assessing cardiovascular health, making it essential in both clinical settings and routine health checks.

Heart rate, pulse oximetry, and body mass index are measured using different methods and devices. Heart rate is determined by counting the beats of the heart, often using a stethoscope or heart rate monitor. Pulse oximetry measures the oxygen saturation level in the blood using a device that clips onto a fingertip. Body mass index (BMI) is calculated using height and weight measurements and does not involve direct measurement by a sphygmomanometer.