What is the name for the malformation of the heart or its major blood vessels occurring at birth?

The term for the malformation of the heart or its major blood vessels occurring at birth is known as congenital heart defects. These defects can range from simple issues that may require minimal intervention to complex anomalies that can be life-threatening and necessitate surgical correction or ongoing medical management. Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defect, and they can affect the normal flow of blood through the heart, leading to various symptoms depending on the specific type and severity of the defect.

Recognizing that congenital heart defects happen during fetal development helps understand the importance of early diagnosis and detection. This early identification can guide clinicians in planning effective treatment strategies that can significantly improve outcomes for affected individuals. Conditions like coronary artery bypass, coronary occlusion, and coronary artery disease are related to heart conditions but typically arise later in life, primarily as a result of other health factors like age, lifestyle, or associated diseases. Thus, these options do not refer to malformations present at birth.