What is the term for the re-closing or re-narrowing of an artery after procedures like angioplasty?

The term for the re-closing or re-narrowing of an artery after procedures such as angioplasty is known as restenosis. This condition can occur due to the body's natural healing processes that lead to scar tissue formation or the proliferation of smooth muscle cells, causing the treated artery to narrow again after it had been initially opened. Restenosis is particularly relevant in discussions about the effectiveness of angioplasty and stent placement, as it can lead to subsequent symptomatic episodes or the need for repeat interventions.

Other terms provided, such as aneurysm, thrombosis, and embolism, describe different cardiovascular phenomena. An aneurysm refers to an abnormal bulging of the artery wall, thrombosis involves the formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel that can obstruct blood flow, and embolism refers to a blockage that occurs when a dislodged blood clot or other material travels through the bloodstream and lodges in a vessel. Understanding the specific definition of restenosis helps delineate it from these other conditions.