What procedure is used to study arrhythmias using cardiac catheterization?

The procedure used to study arrhythmias through cardiac catheterization is the electrophysiological study (EPS). This technique involves inserting catheters into the heart through blood vessels to map electrical activity and identify any abnormal rhythms. During an EPS, the physician can stimulate the heart to induce arrhythmias, allowing them to observe and analyze the precise nature of the electrical conduction pathways and any areas of malfunction. This information is crucial for diagnosing the type of arrhythmia and determining the appropriate treatment options, which may include medication, ablation therapy, or device implantation.

In contrast, echocardiography primarily uses sound waves to create images of the heart structure and function, making it more suited for evaluating heart anatomy and function rather than directly studying electrical activities. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a non-invasive test that records the heart's electrical activity but does not involve catheterization or provide the detailed insight into arrhythmias gained through EPS. An electroencephalogram (EEG) measures electrical activity in the brain and is unrelated to cardiac studies.