What term describes substances that occur in various forms in foods and have different impacts on lipid profiles?

The term that best describes substances occurring in various forms in foods and having different impacts on lipid profiles is fatty acids. Fatty acids are key components of fats and oils and come in various types, such as saturated, unsaturated, and trans fatty acids. Each type has distinct effects on lipid profiles, including cholesterol levels in the blood, which can significantly influence cardiovascular health.

For example, saturated fatty acids are typically considered to raise levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often regarded as "bad" cholesterol, whereas unsaturated fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, can have heart-health benefits by helping to lower LDL cholesterol levels. Trans fatty acids, found in partially hydrogenated oils, can increase LDL cholesterol while decreasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, further impacting lipid profiles adversely.

By understanding the diverse forms and functions of fatty acids in the diet, individuals can make informed choices about their fat intake and its impact on their overall health.