What term describes the condition of decreased blood flow to an organ due to artery constriction or obstruction?

The condition of decreased blood flow to an organ due to artery constriction or obstruction is known as ischemia. Ischemia occurs when there isn't enough blood reaching a particular part of the body, which can lead to tissue damage and cell death if the blood flow remains inadequate for an extended period. This situation often arises from factors such as narrowing of the arteries due to plaque buildup (atherosclerosis) or other forms of obstruction, which severely compromise the delivery of oxygen and nutrients necessary for the organ's function.

In the context of the other terms, heart failure refers to the heart's inability to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's needs, rather than a localized decrease in blood flow due to arterial issues. An aneurysm describes an abnormal bulge in the wall of a blood vessel, which is not directly related to diminished blood flow in a specific organ. Thrombosis indicates the formation of a blood clot within a vessel, potentially leading to obstruction, but it does not solely define the broader condition of reduced blood flow without specifying the cause or location. Thus, ischemia is the most accurate term to describe the situation of interest, emphasizing the clinical significance of reduced blood supply to specific tissues or organs.