Which condition involves the leaflets of the mitral valve bulging into the atrium, potentially causing backflow of blood?

The condition characterized by the leaflets of the mitral valve bulging into the left atrium during systole is known as mitral valve prolapse. This issue arises due to the elongation or abnormality of the chordae tendineae or the mitral valve leaflets themselves, which allows the leaflets to extend backward into the atrium instead of closing securely. This abnormal bulging can lead to improper closure of the valve, resulting in mitral regurgitation, where blood flows back into the left atrium instead of being pumped out to the body.

Mitral valve prolapse is particularly significant because it can lead to symptoms such as palpitations, chest pain, and even heart murmurs. The potential for regurgitation not only affects the efficiency of the heart's pumping action but may also have long-term implications if left untreated.

Other conditions listed do not involve the same mechanism of the valve leaflets bulging into the atrium. Aortic regurgitation pertains to the aortic valve's inability to close properly, leading to backflow from the aorta into the left ventricle. Mitral stenosis involves the narrowing of the mitral valve orifice, which restricts blood flow from the atrium to the